Using Ledger Devices
Because of required WebUSB support, Ledger wallets currently only work on Chromium-based browsers like Brave and Chrome.
Kusama has a Ledger application that is compatible with the Ledger Nano S and Ledger Nano X devices. The Ledger devices are hardware wallets that keep your private key secured on a physical device that does not get directly exposed to your computer or the internet.
The Kusama application allows you to manage Kusama's native asset, KSM. It supports most of the transaction types of the network, including batch transactions from the Utility pallet.
If you have trouble using Ledger or following the directions below, you can try searching for your issue on the Polkadot Knowledge Base.
Please check out our intro to Ledger video on YouTube for more information.
Requirements
Here is a list of what you will need before starting:
- A Ledger Nano S or a Ledger Nano X.
- The latest firmware installed.
- Ledger Live is installed and at version 2.19 or newer (see settings -> about to find out if you're up to date).
- A web browser is installed that you can use to access Polkadot-JS Apps UI.
Installing the Ledger Application
Using Ledger Live
- Open the "Manager" tab in Ledger Live.
- Connect and unlock your Ledger device.
- If asked, allow the manager on your device by pressing both buttons on the YES screen.
- Find Kusama in the app catalog and install it.
Please proceed to the usage instructions below.
Using the Developer Release
These instructions are for development installation only. It is recommended to install the application from Ledger Live unless you know exactly what you're doing.
Instructions for downloading the pre-release binary from the GitHub releases is written on the README for the Kusama Ledger application GitHub repository.
On the releases page you can download the shell
script install_app.sh and then make it executable in your shell by typing the command
chmod +x install_app.sh.
Using install_app.sh help command will show you the available options:
$ ./install_app.sh --help
Zondax Installer [Kusama-1.2011.1] [Warning: use only for test/demo apps]
load - Load Kusama app
delete - Delete Kusama app
version - Show Kusama app version
Next, you must make sure your Ledger device is plugged in and unlocked and you're using the latest
firmware. If everything is prepared, then type ./install_app.sh load and accept the prompts on
your Ledger device to install the application.
First it will prompt you to allow an unsafe manager - confirm this by switching the screen to the allow screen and pressing the corresponding buttons.
After some processing time, the screen of your device will update to say "Install app Kusama". Navigate all the way to the right, verify the Identifier hash matches the one that is printed in your terminal. Click both buttons on "Perform Installation" to install the application. It will ask again for your Pin code and you should enter it in the device.
At the end of the process you should have the newly installed Kusama application on the device.
Using on Polkadot-JS Apps UI
Loading Your Account
You can import your Ledger account to Polkadot Extension or to the Polkadot JS UI. For instructions on how to import Ledger accounts to Polkadot JS extension in written format, read through this article. For importing your account to the UI, read through the instructions below.
Polkadot-JS Apps UI already has an integration with the Ledger application so that your device will work with the browser interface after installation. The functionality is currently gated behind a feature setting that you will need to turn on.
In order to turn on the interoperability with the Kusama Ledger application, go to the "Settings" tab in Polkadot-JS Apps UI. Find the option for attaching Ledger devices and switch the option from the default "Do not attach Ledger devices" to "Attach Ledger via WebUSB".
Click "Save" to keep your settings.
Now when you go to the "Accounts" tab you will see a new button that says "Add Ledger". Ensure that your Ledger device is unlocked and you have navigated into the Kusama application, then click this button.
A popup will appear asking you to select an account and derivation path.
The first option lets you select an account. You can have multiple accounts on a single Ledger device. The second dropdown lets you pick a derivation path - think of it like a formula from which child accounts are generated. If in doubt, pick the first option for both.
Once you confirm your selection, depending on your browser and its security settings, you might need to confirm the USB connection through a popup like the one below when adding the Ledger device for the first time:
You should now be able to scroll down and find a new account on the page with the type "ledger".
You can now use this account to interact with Kusama on Polkadot-JS Apps UI and it will prompt your ledger for confirmation when you initiate a transaction.
Confirming the Address on your Device
On the "Accounts" tab, find your Ledger-connected account. Click on the three vertical dots at the end of the row. This will open a new menu, here you can click the "Show address on hardware device" option to display the address on your device.
Here you can scroll through and make sure the address matches to what is displayed on Polkadot-JS Apps UI.
Checking the Balance of Your Account
There are a few methods to check the balance of your account. You can use Polkadot-JS Apps or you can use a block explorer like Polkascan or Subscan.
Using Polkadot-JS Apps
Once you have your account loaded on the "Accounts" tab it should show a row with your Ledger account. At the far right of the row is located your account's DOT balance. If you expand the balance arrow, it will show details of your balance such as locks or reserved amounts.
Sending a Transfer
If you would like to send a transfer from your account housed on the Ledger device, the easiest method is to use Polkadot-JS Apps UI.
- Click on the "Transfer" button in "Accounts" dropdown in the top navigation menu.
- In the top input, select "Ledger" as your sending account.
- In the second input, select the account that you want to transfer funds to.
- In the third input, enter the amount of KSM you want to transfer.
- Click the "Make Transfer" button.
- Confirm the transaction on your device.
- A green success notification will be displayed when the transaction is included in a block.
While this toggle is in the On state, your account will be unable to make transactions which would get its balance below the existential deposit. This prevents reaping of accounts with low balances. If you toggle this to Off, you will be able to go below existential deposit balance, causing your account to be deleted and any dust amount of KSM to be burned. If you encounter KeepAlive errors when making transactions, this might be the reason.
A detailed guide on doing transfers is available here.
Receiving a Transfer
In order to receive a transfer on the accounts stored on your Ledger device, you will need to provide the sender (i.e. the payer) with your address.
The easiest way to get your address is to click on the account name which will open a sidebar. Your address will be shown in this sidebar, along with some other information. Another method is just clicking on your account's avatar icon - this immediately copies your address to the clipboard.
Make sure it matches what's really on the Ledger by confirming the address on your device. Some malware will intercept clicks and clipboard requests and can change your copied value in-flight, so being extra vigilant around copy-paste operations makes sense.
Staking
You can enable staking by issuing a batch transaction that will include the required extrinsics.
You can also issue two separate transactions when you want to stake using an account stored on a Ledger device, as follows:
- Go to the "Staking" tab found under the "Network" dropdown in the top navigation menu.
- Click the "Account Actions" pane in the inner navigation.
- Click "+ Stash" instead of "+ Nominator" or "+ Validator" (selecting the latter two will not work).
- Input the amount of tokens to bond and confirm the transaction.
- Confirm the transaction on the Ledger device.
- When the transaction is included you will see the newly bonded account in the "Account Actions" page.
- Select "Start Nominating" or "Start Validating" to start nominating or validating.
- Confirm the transaction on Apps and on the Ledger device.
Removing Expired Democracy Locks
You can remove expired democracy locks by issuing a batch transaction that will include the required extrinsics.
You can also manually issue several extrinsics when you want remove expired democracy locks on an account stored on a Ledger device, as follows:
- Go to https://polkadot.js.org/apps/#/accounts. Look at your expired locks and note which referenda they were for.
- Go to https://polkadot.js.org/apps/#/extrinsics
- For each referendum with an expired lock, issue a
democracy.removeVote(X)extrinsic, where X = the referendum you voted on and has an expired lock. Make sure you do it from the account with the expired locks - you can't do it from another account. - Once you have removed all of the votes, issue a
democracy.unlock(ACCOUNT)extrinsic, where ACCOUNT is the account you just removed the votes from. - Go back to https://polkadot.js.org/apps/#/accounts. You'll see that the locks are now removed.
Despite the Polkadot ledger application being compatible with both the Ledger Nano S and the Ledger Nano X, none of the Democracy extrinsics are available in the light version. The following repo by Zondax lists the currently supported Democracy extrinsics on the full ledger.
Setting Sub-Identity (Sub-ID) for your Ledger Account
Setting an Identity is not possible on Ledger app yet, but as a workaround, you can set the identity for an on-chain account and then use it to set a sub-identity to your Ledger account.
Go to https://polkadot.js.org/apps/#/accounts. Click on the three vertical dots correponding to the account to which you already set identity. You should see an option to set onchain sub-identities. Click on it.
In the pop-up window, select your Ledger account from the dropdown and enter text in sub name field. Then, click on set subs button.
Sign and submit the transaction from the parent account with the identity
You should now see the sub-identity displayed on-chain. You need to be aware that is reserved for setting identity and for each sub-identity. This reserved account balance is freed once you clear the identities on the account.
Support
If you need support, please visit the Polkadot Support page.