Agile Coretime for Parachains

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If you aren't sure what Agile Coretime is, be sure to read the introduction, terminology, and FAQ.

The landscape for parachains changes with the rollout of Agile Coretime. With parachain auctions being phased out in favor of direct coretime sales, the existing parachains on the relaychain and the prospective parachains are presented with the following scenarios:

• Migrating from a legacy parachain lease into a bulk coretime model
• Starting with bulk coretime model from scratch
• Running a parachain with on-demand coretime purchases ("pay as you go")

The parachain lease auctions stopped on-chain with the enactment of the runtime upgrade 1.2.0 on the 19th of September 2024, and the existing leases were migrated to bulk coretime automatically. Leases that had not started were canceled, and the locked tokens were refunded. The existing parachains benefit from coretime renewals, allowing for the continued assignment of bulk coretime for a core without going through the regular purchasing process.

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The tutorials below assume that you have already developed the parachain runtime and a fully configured parachain collator for the target relay chain using the Polkadot SDK.

For the tutorials below, the adder test parachain on the Polkadot SDK has been used. To compile the adder-collator, run the command below in the root of the Polkadot SDK repository. You must have Rust and its associated tooling installed before following along.

Ensure the Polkadot SDK is cloned, and you are within the root directory (cd polkadot-sdk)

cargo build -r -p test-parachain-adder-collator

After the test parachain collator node is successfully compiled, export its genesis state and the code using the following commands. If the export succeeds, these two files should appear in the Polkadot-SDK repository.

./target/release/adder-collator export-genesis-state genesis

./target/release/adder-collator export-genesis-wasm genesis-wasm

Reserve ParaID

Reserving a ParaID requires a deposit. The first step is to register a ParaID for the parachain. This can be done through Polkadot-JS UI by navigating to Network > Parachains > Parathreads and clicking on ParaID button. Ensure that you have sufficient tokens to reserve the displayed ParaID successfully.

Register Parachain State and Code

Deposit requirements for registering a parachain

Due to the reasons discussed here, instead of the usual per-byte method of charging for storing validation and genesis code upon registration, the cost is fixed to the maximum possible code size (MAX_CODE_SIZE), regardless of the actual size.

On Kusama, the deposit required to register a parachain is ~1100 KSM and an estimated fee of ~5 KSM.

On Polkadot, the deposit required to register a parachain is ~3300 DOT and an estimated fee of ~150 DOT.

It is possible to deregister the parachain and withdraw the deposit if the parachain has not produced any blocks. If the parachain produced blocks, then the parachain can only be deregistered through the relay chain's governance.

The next step is to register the parachain's genesis wasm and state, which you should have generated earlier. Note that for this example, we are using adder-collator, but in theory a custom runtime compiled from a template would work as well.

After successful registration, the parachain starts onboarding as a parathread.

Run Parachain Collator

While the parachain is onboarding, start syncing the collator using the following command to rapidly sync with the specified relay chain.

./target/release/adder-collator --parachain-id= $ParaID --chain=paseo --sync warp

Run a Parachain with Bulk Coretime

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Note that we have two options: bulk coretime and on-demand coretime. Bulk coretime is purchased via the broker pallet, which is on the respective Coretime system parachain. On-demand coretime is ordered via the OnDemandAssignment pallet/module, which is located on the respective relay chain.

You can purchase bulk coretime on Coretime chain and assign the purchased core to the registered ParaID. The snapshot below is from Lastic interface.

After successful assignment of the core, the adder-collator logs show new collations at regular intervals, gradually incrementing the state by 2.

Run a Parachain with On-demand Coretime

After the collator node is fully synced with the relay chain, navigate to Developer > Extrinsics on the relay chain and issue onDemandAssignmentProvider.placeOrderAllowDeath extrinsic from the account that registered the ParaID by specifying sufficient maxAmountfor the transaction to go through successfully.

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There are two extrinsics which allow you to place orders for on-demand coretime:

• onDemandAssignmentProvider.placeOrderAllowDeath will reap the account once the provided funds run out.

• onDemandAssignmentProvider.placeOrderKeepAlive includes a check which will not reap the account if the provided funds will run out, ensuring the account is kept alive.

With each successful on-demand extrinsic, the parachain head changes (you may have to zoom out on the browser for parachain head details to show up on Polkadot-JS UI).

The successful collation can also be verified in the parachain collator logs. It can be noticed that with each parachain block, the state of adder-collator is incremented by 2.